Fahimci Metadata: Bayanin Hidden a Hotunan Fayilolin
Tambaya: Menene Metadata?
Game da EXIF, IPTC da XMP Metadata Used in Graphics Software
Amsa: Metadata wani lokaci ne don bayanin da aka saka a cikin hoton ko wani nau'i na fayil. Metadata ya zama mai mahimmanci a cikin wannan zamani na hotunan dijital inda masu amfani suna neman hanya don adana bayanai tare da hotunansu wanda ke riƙe da šaukuwa kuma yana zama tare da fayil, yanzu da kuma gaba.
Ɗaya daga cikin matakan metadata shine ƙarin bayani wanda kusan dukkanin kyamarorin kyamara na dijital tare da hotunanku. Abubuwan da aka samo ta hanyar kamara ɗinka ana kiran su EXIF bayanai, wanda ke tsaye don Fassara Image File Format. Yawancin software na dijital na iya nuna bayanin EXIF ga mai amfani, amma yawanci ba za'a iya daidaita ba.
- Dukkan Bayanan EXIF a cikin Hotunan Hotuna na Hotuna
Duk da haka, akwai wasu matakan metadata da suke ba da damar masu amfani su ƙara bayanin kansu na bayanan su a cikin hoto ko hoto. Wannan matakan na iya haɗa da halaye na hoto, bayanin haƙƙin mallaka, kalma, ƙididdiga, kalmomi, kwanan wata da wuri, bayanin bayanai, ko umarnin musamman. Biyu daga cikin hanyoyin da ake amfani dashi da yawa don fayilolin hoto shine IPTC da XMP.
- IPTC ita ce daidaituwa da aka tsara a cikin shekarun 1970 ta Ƙungiyar Sadarwa ta Duniya. An fara farko ne a matsayin misali don musayar bayanai tsakanin kungiyoyi na labarai kuma ya samo asali a tsawon lokaci. Kusan 1994, siffar "File Info" Adobe Photoshop ya sa masu amfani su saka da kuma gyara matakan IPTC a fayilolin hoto na zamani kuma don haka kamfanoni na hotuna da sauran kasuwancin da aka buga a waje da kafofin yada labarai sun karbe su.
- XMP shi ne sabon "Matakan ƙwarewar Metadata" wanda XML ta ƙaddamar da XML ta 2001. Adobe yayi aiki tare da IPTC don shigar da tsofaffin shugabannin "IPTC" a cikin sabon tsarin XMP kuma a shekarar 2005 aka saki "Tsarin IPTC Core Schema for XMP" . XMP ita ce tushen budewa, daidaitattun jama'a, yana mai sauƙi ga masu ci gaba suyi amfani da ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin software na ɓangare na uku. Za a iya ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin sadarwar XMP zuwa yawancin fayilolin fayil , amma don hotunan hotuna, an adana shi a cikin JPEG da fayilolin TIFF .
Mafi yawan hotunan hotunan hoto da yau da kullum suna ba da damar haɗi da gyare-gyaren mashafi a fayilolin hotunanka, kuma akwai wasu ayyuka na musamman don aiki tare da dukkan nau'ikan metadata ciki har da EXIF, IPTC, da XMP. Wasu software tsofaffi baya goyan bayan matakan, kuma suna hadarin rasa wannan bayanin idan ka shirya da ajiye fayilolinka tare da ƙaddamar da matakan shiga cikin shirin da ba ya goyan baya.
Kafin waɗannan matakan metadata, kowane tsarin kula da hotunan yana da nasarorin da ya dace na adana bayanan hoton, wanda ke nufin cewa ba a samo bayanin ba a waje da software - idan ka aika hoto zuwa wani, bayanin bayanan bai tafiya tare da shi ba . Metadata ya ba da damar samun wannan bayanin tare da fayil, a hanyar da wasu software, hardware, da masu amfani na ƙarshe zasu iya fahimta. Za a iya canjawa tsakanin tsarin fayiloli.
Hotuna Sharing da Metadata Suna jin tsoro
Kwanan nan, tare da tashiwar raba hoto a kan hanyoyin sadarwar sadarwar kamar Facebook, akwai damuwa da damuwa game da bayanan sirri kamar su bayanan da aka saka a cikin matakan na hotuna wanda aka raba a kan layi. Wadannan tsoro ba su da tushe, duk da haka, duk manyan tashoshin zamantakewar jama'a sun watsar da mafi yawan matakan da suka hada da bayanin wurin wuri ko haɗin gwiwar GPS.
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