Legacy Of Innovation: Kamfanin Apple wanda ya kafa Apple, wanda ya kafa NeXT, shugaban kamfanin Pixar
Steven Paul Jobs ya mutu a ranar 5 ga Oktoba, 2011, bayan ya yi fama da ciwon daji. Yana da shekaru 56. Shi ne mawallafi, mai gudanarwa biyu, kuma shugaban Apple Inc. Ya mutu, matarsa, Laurene Powell Jobs, da kuma yara hudu.
Ayyukan da aka samu a cikin Ayyuka na aiki sun kasance masu yawa. Ya taimaka wajen bunkasa kwamfutarka, ya jagoranci ci gaban samfurori da suka hada da Macintosh, iPod, da kuma iPhone, da kuma jagorancin Cibiyar Nazari ta Pixar Animation. Ayyuka na aiki, kwarewa don nasara da iko, da hangen nesa sun taimakawa sauye-sauyen juyin juya hali da amfani da fasaha a rayuwar yau da kullum na yawancin mutane a duniya.
Steve Jobs & # 39; Early Life
An haife shi a San Francisco a shekara ta 1955 zuwa wani mahaifin baƙo na Siriya da kuma mahaifiyarsa a Wisconsin, Paul da Clara Jobs na Santa Clara sun karbi aikin da ke aiki a makarantar sakandare a cikin Cupertino, Calif., Birni inda Apple ke da tushe. A shekarar 1972, ya halarci Kwalejin Reed a Portland, Ore, amma ya fice daga bayan shekara guda. Ayyuka sun koma California a 1974, inda ya yi aiki a Atari. Abokiyar aiki da abokin ciniki Steve Wozniak ya yi aiki a Atari a lokacin.
Apple: Tashi da Ƙari Ouster
Ayyuka sun hada Apple Inc., wanda aka sani da Apple Computer, tare da Wozniak. Kamfanin su na asali ya ba da hukumar kula da kwalliya ga masu sha'awar sha'awa don gina kwakwalwa na kansu. Kodayake wannan fararen na farko ya fara, Apple ya taimaka wajen shigar da shekarun kwamfutarka tare da gabatarwar Apple II a shekarar 1976.
Wadannan inji ba da daɗewa suka ba da damar zuwa canjin juyin juya hali a kwamfuta-Macintosh. Mac OS shine farkon kasuwancin da ake samuwa kuma yaduwar tsarin da za a yi amfani dashi mai amfani wanda aka saba a yau. Har ila yau, shine farkon da za a yi amfani da linzamin kwamfuta don hulɗa tare da gumakan a allon. Mac ɗin ya kasance mai girma gagarumar nasara da kuma rukuni na Rubuce-rubuce da Apple a matsayin matsayin ɗaya daga cikin kamfanonin kwamfuta masu mahimmanci a duniya.
Kamfanin ya yi babbar fasaha tare da sayar da Super Bowl 1984 da ya gabatar da Macintosh. Ad da aka buga a tarihin George Orwell na 1984 kuma ya sanya IBM a matsayin Big Brother, yayin da Apple ke wakiltar 'yan tawaye masu tawaye da ke fafitikar' yanci.
A wannan lokacin, Ayyuka sun kori jagoran kwararru John Sculley daga PepsiCo don zama shugaban kamfanin Apple. Amma, a cikin 1985 tallace-tallace tallace-tallace, Jobs rasa wani gwagwarmayar kamfanoni ga Sculley da direbobi na kamfanin. Ya bar Apple.
NeXT: Sabuwar Tambaya
Ayyuka sun kafa NeXT Computer, wani kamfanin da ya dauki darussan da aka koya daga nasarar Mac ɗin kuma ya aure su zuwa ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na tsarin Unix. Kayan aiki mai mahimmanci da fasaha, amma tsada, Kwamfuta na kwakwalwar kwamfuta ba su taɓa kamawa yadda hanyar Apple II ko Mac sun yi ba. NeXT ya sami damar kula da kasuwanci daga 1985-1997. A shekara ta 1997, NeXT ya ɗauki sabon abu, da kuma muhimmancin tsakiya - a Apple.
Pixar: Abinda ke sha'awa ya zama Rashin wutar lantarki
Yayinda yake a NeXT, Ayyuka sun sayi sashen fasaha na kamfanin Lucasfilm Ltd. a shekarar 1986 na dala miliyan 10. Wannan ƙungiya ta zama Pixar Animation Studios. Ayyuka sun kasance mataimakanta da kuma masu rinjaye.
Ayyuka sun fara ganin Pixar a matsayin kamfanin injiniya na kwamfuta da zai sayar da na'urorin haɓakar haɗari zuwa Hollywood. Lokacin da wannan kasuwancin bai kasa kashewa ba, kamfanin ya sake zama mai kirkirar fim tare da kwangila tare da Disney.
A karkashin jagorancin 'yan wasa, Pixar ya zama babbar tashar fina-finai a Hollywood, yana ba da ladabi na fim din, ciki har da Toy Story , A Bug's Life , Monsters Inc. , Neman Nemo , The Incredibles , da Wall-E , da sauransu.
A shekara ta 2006, Ayyuka sun tsara sayar da Pixar ga Walt Disney Co.. Wannan yarjejeniya ta ba shi wuri a kan jirgin Disney kuma ya sanya shi kamfanin mafi yawan kamfanoni. Bayan kammala wannan yarjejeniyar, Wakilin Fortune, mai suna Jobs, ya kasance Mafi Ciniki Kasuwanci na 2007.
Komawa zuwa Apple: Ƙwarewa
Ayyukan da aka samu a wannan lakabi ba kawai saboda aikinsa a Disney ba, har ma saboda ya koma Apple a matsayin shugabansa da Shugaba.
A ƙarshen 1996, Ayyuka sun lura da sayar da NeXT zuwa Apple kuma sun koma matsayin jagoranci a kamfanin da ya kafa. An samo kayan fasaha da software ta NeXT a cikin yarjejeniyar $ 429. Ya zama tushe na Apple na gaba-tsara Mac OS X tsarin aiki.
Lokacin da kamfanin Apple Ammario Gil Amelio ya gurbe shi a shekara ta 1997, Kamfanin ya koma kamfanin ne a matsayin shugaban kulob din.
A wannan lokacin, kamfanin Apple ya kafa basirar kasuwar kasuwancin, watau OS-licensing da ke da rikici, da kuma samfurin samfurin da bai dace ba. Duk wannan ya haifar da jita-jitar da yawa a cikin jarida da yanar gizo cewa kamfanin zaiyi haɗin tare da wani kamfanin kuma ya fita daga kasuwanci. Don ci gaba da kamfanonin, sai nan da nan Ayyuka suka fara jerin samfurori na wasu lokuta. Wannan ya haɗa da sokewa na ci gaba da ƙaura amma ya bi kayan aiki irin su Newton PDA.
Kamfanin farko na samfurori na Ayyukan '' Jobs 'na biyu a Apple shi ne iMac, wani komputa mai kwakwalwa wanda aka gabatar a shekarar 1998. Har yanzu yana aiki a yau. IMac ya biyo bayan kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da kwamfutar kwakwalwa, kodayake wasu kasawa-irin su Mac Mac G4 cube -were sun haɗa.
A karkashin Harkokin Shugabancin 'Yanci, Apple ya sake dawowa daga bankruptt don sake zama mashaya, mai cin nasara. Amma, godiya ga gabatarwa da karamin na'urar, kamfanin nan da nan ba zai jima ba.
IPod
A watan Oktoban 2001, Apple ya bayyana iPod ta farko . Kungiyar kiɗa na kungiyoyi na cigaba na cigaba da kyauta 5 GB na ajiya (kimanin kusan 1,000) kuma mai sauƙi. Wannan lamari ne da ya faru.
Ayyukan iPod sun riga sun umarce su da aiki - wanda ba ya son 'yan wasan dijital na zamani da kuma matsaloli masu wuya - kuma shugaban aikin injiniya Jon Rubinstein da mai tsara kayayyaki Jonathan Ive ne ke kula da su.
IPod ya yi aiki tare da software na sarrafawa ta kwamfutar ta Apple, iTunes, wanda aka gabatar a cikin Janairu 2001. Haɗuwa da sauƙi na amfani da fasalin fasahar da ɗayan suka ba da iPod ya fasa. Apple ya fara fadada hanzari na samfurin iPod don haɗawa da Mini , Nano , Shuffle , kuma daga baya aka taɓa . Ya gabatar da sabon iPods kusan kowace watanni shida.
Tilas sun samo asali kuma suka kara da iTunes Store domin tallace-tallace na sauƙaƙe kiɗa a shekarar 2003 da fina-finai a shekarar 2005. Tare da haka, Apple ya ƙaddamar da wuri a cikin masana'antar kiɗa kuma ya sanya iPod / iTunes hade da ma'anar gaskiyar kiɗa. A shekara ta 2008, Apple ya zama mafi girma a duniya na kiɗa (online ko offline) , kuma kamfanonin rikodin sun fara damuwa game da ikon Apple a cikin kasuwancinsu. A 2009, iTunes Store ya sayar da waƙar bidiyon 6.
A iPhone
A watan Janairun 2007, Apple ya fadada a kan nasarar da iPod ta yi, kuma ya sanya kanta don sake canza wani kasuwa, lokacin da ya sanar da iPhone . An kirkiro wannan na'urar tare da Ayyuka 'kulawa da kuma shiga kuma an buga shi nan da nan a kan saki. Na farko iPhone sayar da 270,000 raka'a a farkon 30 hours na kasancewa. Wanda ya gaje shi, iPhone 3G , ya sayar da raka'a miliyan 1 a cikin kwanaki uku na farko bayan shekara guda.
A watan Maris na 2009, Apple ya sayar da iPhones miliyan 17, kuma ya karu da tallace-tallace kwata-kwata na baya-bayan nan, BlackBerry .
Bayanan nasarar nasarar iTunes Store, iPhone ya sami Talla, wanda ya ba da software na ɓangare na uku, a watan Yulin 2008. Ta watan Janairun 2009, ya yi rajistar saukewar sau 500 . Ya dauka iTunes Store shekaru biyu don isa wannan alama. Apple ya sake bugawa hannunsa.
Sanarwar lafiya
A cikin wannan nasarar, Ayyuka sun kulla da tambayoyin game da lafiyarsa, musamman ma bayan taron Kasuwanci na Duniya a shekara ta 2006 inda ya fi mai da hankali fiye da yadda yake da shi a baya.
A watan Janairu 2009, Ayyuka sun bayar da wata sanarwa da ya ce bayyanarsa tana da alaƙa da rashin daidaituwa na hormonal wanda ya shafe jikinsa na gina jiki. Sanarwar ta kara da cewa likitocinsa sunyi tunanin cewa sun sami wani dalili, cewa yana so ya nemi magani, kuma ba zai ƙara magana game da batun ba, saboda yana jin cewa abu ne na sirri.
Duk da haka, a kasa da kwana 10 sai aka sanar da cewa matsalolin lafiya na ma'aikata sun fi tsanani fiye da farko. Ya so ya bar izinin watanni shida daga kamfanin. Kamfanin kamfanin na farko ya buge shi, amma ya sake dawowa zuwa matakan kawai wasu lambobin da ke ƙasa da sanarwar cikin kimanin mako guda. Tim Cook, babban hafsan hafsoshin kamfanin, yayi aiki a matsayin Shugaba a Jobs.
Ayyuka sun koma aiki a Apple a ƙarshen Yuni 2009, kamar yadda aka shirya. An ruwaito shi da hannu sosai tare da Apple bayan ya dawo.
A iPad
A karkashin Ayyukan 'yanci, Apple ya ci gaba da saki ƙaura biyu na iPad. A iPad ya canza tsohuwar kwamfutar komfutar kwamfutar hannu a cikin tashar wutar lantarki da cewa masu gwagwarmaya ba su iya daidaita ba, kuma hakan yana barazanar kayar da kasuwannin kwamfuta na al'ada. Tare da tallace-tallace na fiye da shekara guda fiye da shekara daya, iPadim ya taimaka wajen shigar da tsarin "post-PC" kuma ya sake canza dangantakarmu da fasaha.
Rajista da Mutuwa
A ranar 23 ga watan Augusta, 2011 - a tsakiyar wata sanarwa da aka samu daga lafiyar ma'aikatan kamfanin a matsayin mai kula da kamfanin Apple, yana cewa ya "ba zai iya cika ka'idodin da nake bukata ba." Babban Jami'in Harkokin Gudanarwa Tim Cook ya karbi Ayyuka a matsayin Kamfanin Apple. Ayyuka sun ci gaba da matsayinsa a matsayin Shugaban Hukumar Apple, wanda ya zama shugaban darektan, kuma ya ci gaba da zama ma'aikacin Apple.
Ayyuka sun mutu kusan makonni shida bayan ya yi murabus.
Steve Jobs 'Legacy
Wataƙila ba wani mai gudanarwa a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar zamani, tare da yiwuwar Bill Gates, an haɗa shi sosai da kamfaninsa, da nasararsa - da kuma tunanin jama'a game da wannan nasara-a matsayin Jobs.
Wasu suna da ma idan aka kwatanta da Turawa da kuma abin da yake da shi ga wadanda suke da alamun kasuwanci irin su Thomas Edison, Henry Ford da Walt Disney. Sauran kuma ba su da yawa, suna sanya shi a matsayin na biyu na 'yan kasuwa na tarihi saboda yawan albarkatun da ya ba shi.
Duk da duk wani bincike da ke sanya ayyukan a kamfanonin tarihi mai ban mamaki, aikinsa da kuma tsarin kansa sun kasance batun batun labari da damuwa. Ayyukan da aka yi suna nuna cewa sun mallaki "wuri na gaskiya," wani lokaci da mutane da yawa ke amfani da ita don bayyana halin da yake ciki da kuma halinsa, da kuma ikonsa na shawo kan mutane.
Halinsa kuma ya haifar da zargi game da tsarin gudanarwa wanda ya hada da bangarori biyu na tsoro da ɓoye. A karkashin Ayyuka, Apple ya san sanannen kariya ga cikakken samfurorin samfurori, yana zuwa kamar yadda za a yi jita-jita da yanar gizo da kuma rike da yarjejeniyar tare da abokan hulɗa da suka yi bayani. A cikin sabon karni, Apple ya zama sananne don sha'awarsa-kuma nasara gaba daya a yin haka-don sarrafa ɗaukar hoto game da shi.
Duk da wadannan sukar, kamfanin Apple da aka gina yana da ƙarfi, tare da dala biliyan 285 a hannunsa, girma kasuwar kasuwanni, da kuma basirar abokin ciniki mai zurfi. A watan Satumba na 2011, ya zama kamfani mai mahimmanci a duniya . Tun daga wannan lokaci, yana cigaba da sauyawa a tsakanin tsaka da kusa da shi.
Ra'ayin da ba a yi ba, Steve Jobs shi ne mai hangen nesa wanda ya canza akalla uku kasuwanni-kwakwalwa, kiɗa na dijital, da wayoyi-kuma canza yadda muke aiki da sadarwa. Abinda yake da ita ba shi da kyau a tarihin kasuwancin Amurka na zamani. Ayyukan rayuwarsa ya kafa tushe ga al'umma na nan gaba.