Abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da tsarin HDR
Yawan adadi na 4K nuna alfaharin TV ya fashe, kuma saboda dalili mai kyau, wanda ba ya so ya fi dacewa da hotuna Hoton?
Ultra HD - Fiye da 4K Resolution
4K ƙuduri ɗaya kawai ne daga abin da ake kira yanzu azaman Ultra HD. Bugu da ƙari, ƙara ƙuduri, don ganin bidiyo ya fi kyau - ingantaccen launi wani abu ne wanda aka aiwatar da shi a yawancin samfurori, amma ɗayan da ke inganta ingantaccen hoton hoto shine haske mai kyau da kuma matakan ɗaukar hotuna sakamakon sakamakon ƙara yawan haske a cikin tare da tsarin tsarin bidiyo mai suna HDR.
Abin da HDR yake
HDR yana nufin High Dynamic Range .
Hanyar HDR aiki shine cewa a tsarin sarrafawa don zaɓaɓɓun abubuwan da aka ƙaddara domin gabatarwar bidiyon ko gidan gida, cikakken bayanin haske / bambanci da aka samu a lokacin yuwuwar fim / harbi an sanya shi cikin sigina na bidiyo.
Lokacin da aka sanya shi a cikin rafi, watsa shirye-shirye, ko a diski, an aika da siginar zuwa TV ɗin da aka yi da HDR, an tsara bayanin da aka yi, kuma an nuna bayanin Haɗin Dynamic Range, bisa tasirin haske / bambanci na TV. Idan TV bata da damar HDR ba (wanda ake kira SDR - Dynamic Range TV), zai nuna hotunan ba tare da bayanan High Dynamic Range ba.
Ƙara zuwa 4K madaidaici da launi launi gamuwa, TV ta kunna HDR (hade tare da abun ciki mai kyau), na iya nuna haske da bambancin matakai kusa da ku za su ga a cikin duniyar duniyar. Wannan yana nufin launin fata marar lahani ba tare da fure ba ko rashin ƙarfi, da zurfin baki ba tare da laka ba ko murkushe.
Alal misali, idan kana da wani abu wanda yana da abubuwa masu haske da abubuwan duhu a cikin wannan yanayin, kamar rana ta faɗuwar rana, za ku ga duka hasken rana na Sun da kuma mafi girman duhu na sauran hoton tare da daidaituwa daidai, tare tare da duk matakan haske a tsakanin.
Tun da akwai mai yawa da yawa daga launin fari zuwa baki, bayanan da ba a iya gani ba a duk wurare masu haske da duhu na hoto na al'ada masu sauƙi suna ganin sauƙin TV a kan HDR, wanda ke ba da kwarewar gani sosai.
Yadda aikin HDR ya shafi masu amfani
HDR shi ne ainihin mataki na juyin halitta don inganta kwarewar sauraron TV, amma dai, masu amfani suna fuskantar manyan fayiloli na HDR da suka shafi abin da TV da sauran abubuwan da suka haɗa da abubuwan da ke ciki don saya. Waɗannan samfurin guda hudu sune:
- HDR10
- Dolby Vision
- HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma)
- Technicolor HDR
Ga wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na kowane tsari.
HDR10
HDR10 kyauta ce ta sararin samaniya wanda aka sanya shi a cikin dukkan TVs masu dacewa na HDR, masu sauraren wasan kwaikwayo na gidan rediyo, 'yan wasan Blu-ray Ultra HD, kuma zaɓuɓɓukan masu jarida.
An yi la'akari da HDR10 mafi mahimmanci yayin da sassanta suke amfani da su a ko'ina cikin takamaiman abun ciki. A wasu kalmomi, ana amfani da kewayon haske a cikin dukan ƙunshiyar.
A lokacin sarrafawa shine mafi mahimman haske da maki mafi duhu a cikin fim din an ƙaddara, don haka a lokacin da aka kunna hoton HDR duk sauran matakan haske, komai abin da aka yanke ko yanayin an saita dangane da abin da min da haske mafi girma ke dukan fim din.
Duk da haka, a shekara ta 2017, Samsung ya nuna kyakkyawan kuskure ga HDR, wanda yake nufin HDR10 + (kada a damu da HDR + wanda za'a tattauna a baya a wannan labarin). Kamar yadda tare da HDR10, HDR10 + kyauta ne kyauta.
Tun daga shekara ta 2017, kodayake dukkanin na'urori na HDR sun yi amfani da HDR10, tare da Samsung, Panasonic, da 20th Century Fox amfani da HDR10 da HDR10 + kawai.
Dolby Vision
Dolby Vision ne HDR tsarin ci gaba da kasuwanci ta Dolby Labs , wanda hada da hardware da metadata a cikin aiwatar. Ƙarin da ake bukata shi ne cewa mahalarta masu kirkiro, masu samarwa, da masu ƙera na'ura suna buƙatar biya diyyar lasisi na Dolby don amfani.
Dolby Vision yana dauke da ya fi daidai fiye da HDR10 a cikin cewa sigogi na HDR za su iya zama alamomi ta hanyar batu ko ta hanyar frame-by-frame, kuma za a iya bugawa baya bisa ga damar TV (karin a wannan bangare daga bisani). A wasu kalmomi, sake kunnawa yana dogara ne akan matakan haske wanda ke bayarwa a wurin da aka ba da aka ba (kamar siffofi ko scene) maimakon iyakance zuwa matsakaicin matakin haske don dukan fim.
A gefe guda, hanyar Dolby ta tsara Dandalin Dolby, shirye-shirye masu lasisi da kuma kayan aiki wanda ke tallafawa wannan tsari yana da ikon ƙaddamar da sigina na Dolby Vision da HDR10 (idan wannan damar "kunna" saya mai sayarwa na musamman), amma TV ɗin da ke bin doka kawai tare da HDR10 ba zai iya yin amfani da sigina na Dolby Vision ba.
A wasu kalmomin, Dolby Vision TV yana da ikon ƙaddamar da HDR10, amma TVR-TV kawai ba za ta iya kawar da Dolby Vision ba. Duk da haka, masu samar da abun ciki waɗanda ke kunshe da Dolby Vision wanda ke ƙunshe a cikin abubuwan su ma sun hada da HDR10 mai mahimmanci, musamman don sauke hotuna TV na TVR waɗanda bazai dace da Dolby Vision ba. A gefe guda, idan tushen abun ciki ya hada kawai Dolby Vision da TV ne HDR10 jituwa kawai, TV din kawai zata watsar da Dolby Vision mai sa ido kuma nuna hoton azaman SDR (Standard Dynamic Range). A wasu kalmomi, a wannan yanayin, mai kallo ba zai sami amfani na HDR ba.
Shafin talabijin da ke goyi bayan Dolby Vision sun haɗa da samfurori daga LG, Philips, Sony, TCL, da Vizio. 'Yan wasan Blu-ray na Ultra HD dake goyan bayan Dolby Vision sun hada da zaɓa model daga OPPO Digital, LG, Philips, da kuma Cambridge Audio. Duk da haka, dangane da kwanan wata sana'a, Kamfanin Dolby Vision zai iya buƙata a kara da shi bayan sayan ta hanyar sabunta firmware.
A gefen haɗin, Dolby Vision yana tallafawa ta hanyar saukowa a kan zaɓin abubuwan da aka bayar akan Netflix, Amazon, da kuma Vudu, da kuma ƙananan fina-finai a fina-finai na Ultra HD Blu-ray.
Samsung ne kawai manyan tallace-tallace na TV da aka sayar a Amurka wanda baya goyon bayan Dolby Vision. Samsung TVs da Ultra HD Blu-ray Disc 'yan wasan kawai goyon bayan HDR10. Idan wannan hali ya canza wannan labarin za'a sabunta shi.
HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma)
HLG (sunan fasaha a waje) wani tsarin HDR ne wanda aka tsara don watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na USB, tauraron dan adam da kuma over-da-air. An gina shi ta NHK na Japan da BBC Broadcasting Systems amma yana da lasisi kyauta.
Babban amfani na HLG ga masu watsa shirye-shiryen gidan rediyon TV da masu mallakar shi ne cewa yana da jituwa a baya. A wasu kalmomi, tun da sararin samaniya yana da kyauta ga masu watsa labaran TV, ta hanyar amfani da HDR irin su HDR10 ko Dolby Vision ba zai ƙyale masu mallakar HDR ba su da damar yin tallace-tallace (ciki har da TVs ba tare da HD) ba don duba abubuwan da aka tsara na HDR, ko kuma buƙatar wata hanya mai rarraba kawai domin watsa shirye-shiryen HDR - wanda ba shi da amfani.
Duk da haka, HLG ƙaddamarwa shi ne wani sabon tsarin watsa shirye-shiryen watsa shirye-shiryen da ya ƙunshi bayanin haske mai haske ba tare da buƙatar takaddun ƙira ba, wanda za a iya sanya shi a saman siginar TV din. A sakamakon haka, ana iya ganin hotuna akan kowane TV. Idan ba ka da HLG-enabled HDR TV, to amma ba za ka amince da Layer HDR ba, don haka ba za ka sami amfanar da aka kara aiki ba, amma zaka sami misali SDR mai kyau.
Duk da haka, ƙayyadadden wannan hanya na HDR shine cewa ko da yake yana samar da hanyar da SDR da HDR TV su dace da irin wannan siginar watsa shirye-shiryen, ba ya samar da cikakkiyar sakamako na HDR idan yana kallon wannan abun ciki tare da HDR10 ko Dolby Vision mai rikodin .
HLG ana kunshe a mafi yawan hotuna 4K na Ultra HD HDR (sai dai Samsung) da masu karɓar wasan kwaikwayo na farawa da shekara ta 2017. Duk da haka, babu wani abun ciki na HLG da aka samo - wannan labarin zai sabunta daidai lokacin da wannan canji ya canza.
Technicolor HDR
Daga cikin manyan nau'o'in HDR guda hudu, Technicolor HDR shine mafi ƙarancin sani kuma yana ganin ƙananan amfani a Turai. Ba tare da samun raguwa a cikin fasaha na fasaha ba, Technicolor HDR mai yiwuwa ne mafi sauki bayani, kamar yadda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin rikodin (streaming da disc) da kuma shirye-shiryen talabijin na talabijin. Hakanan za'a iya sanya shi ta hanyar amfani da alamar shafi ta-frame.
Bugu da ƙari, a irin wannan yanayin kamar HLG, Technicolor HDR yana dacewa tare da dukkanin TVs da kuma SDR. Tabbas, zaka sami sakamako mafi kyawun kallo a kan wani TV na TV, amma har da SDR TV za su iya amfana daga ƙãra darajar, bisa ga launi, bambanci, da haske.
Gaskiyar cewa fasahar Technicolor HDR za a iya kyan gani a SDR yana sanya matukar dacewa ga masu kirkiro abun ciki, masu samar da bayanai, da masu kallon TV. Technicolor HDR kyauta ce wadda ba ta da kyautar kyauta ga duk masu samar da shirye-shirye da masu sauraro na TV don aiwatarwa.
Taswirar Tone
Ɗaya daga cikin matsalolin da ake aiwatarwa a cikin shirye-shiryen HDR a cikin talabijin shine gaskiyar cewa ba dukkan talabijin suna da nau'in halayen fitarwa guda ɗaya ba. Alal misali, TV mai ƙarfin karshe na TVR zai iya iya fitar da su kamar nisan 1,000 na haske (kamar wasu LEDs / LCD TVs masu girma), yayin da wasu na iya samun nauyin 600 ko 700 nits mai haske (OLED da kuma tsakiyar kewayon LED / LCD TVs), yayin da wasu LED / LCD TV din da aka ƙaddamar da ƙananan kyauta ba za su iya samar da kusan 500 ba.
A sakamakon haka, ana amfani da wata fasaha, wanda aka sani da taswirar Tone don magance wannan bambancin. Abin da ya faru shi ne cewa matatatattun da aka sanya a cikin wani fim din ko shirin ya rage zuwa damar TV. Wannan yana nufin cewa ɗaukar haske daga cikin TV an dauki su a hankali kuma ana gyara sauyin haske da dukkanin bayanan haske, tare da cikakkun bayanai da launi a cikin matakan da suka dace dangane da tasirin TV. A sakamakon haka, ba'a wanke haske mai haske a cikin ƙwayoyin metadata ba yayin da aka nuna a talabijin tare da ƙananan damar samar da haske.
SDR-to-HDR Upscaling
Tun da samun samfurin HDR-encoded abun da ba a yalwace ba ne, yawancin fina-finai na TV suna tabbatar da cewa karin kuɗin da masu amfani da su ke amfani da shi a cikin TV din da aka kunna a cikin HDR ba ya ɓatawa ta hanyar hada SDR-to-HDR. Samsung yana nuna tsarin su kamar HDR + (kada a dame shi tare da HDR10 + tattauna da baya), kuma Technicolor ya kirkiro tsarin su a matsayin Gidaccen Magana.
Duk da haka, kamar yadda ƙin ƙaddamarwa da juyawa 2D-to-3D, HDR + da SD-to-HDR fassarar ba su samar da kyakkyawan sakamako a matsayin abin da ke cikin harshen HDR ba. A hakikanin gaskiya, wasu abubuwan zasu iya ganin wankewa ko kuma banza daga wurin zuwa scene, amma yana samar da wata hanyar da za ta iya amfani da damar da aka yi da TV-enabled na HDR. Hanyar HDR + da SDR-to-HDR za a iya kunna ko kashe kamar yadda ake so. SDR-to-HDR ƙaddamarwa ma an kira shi Taswirar Tashin Talla.
Bugu da ƙari, zuwa SD-to-HDR upscaling, LG ya ƙunshi tsarin da yake nuna a matsayin aiki na Active HDR a cikin jerin zaɓuɓɓukan TV da aka yi da HDR wadanda ke ƙarawa a cikin tasirin binciken haske a ciki zuwa duka HDR10 da HLG, wadda ke inganta daidaitattun waɗannan takardun biyu.
Layin Ƙasa
Bugu da ƙari na HDR yana ƙarfafa kwarewa ta TV da kuma yayin da ake magana da bambancin bambanci kuma abun ciki ya zama yadu a fadin diski, gudana, da kuma watsa shirye-shirye, masu amfani zasu karɓa kamar yadda suke da cigaba na gaba ( sai dai don 3D ).
Ko da yake ana amfani da HDR ne kawai a hade tare da 4K Ultra HD abun ciki, fasaha shine ainihin zaman kanta na ƙuduri. Wannan yana nufin cewa, a zahiri, ana iya amfani da shi zuwa wasu siginar bidiyo na ƙuduri, ko 480p, 720p, 1080i, ko 1080p. Hakanan yana nufin cewa mallakan wani 4K Ultra HD TV ba ta nufin cewa yana da dacewa da HDR - mai yin amfani da TV yayi shawarar yanke shi.
Duk da haka, ƙaddamarwa ta hanyar mahalarta abun ciki da masu samarwa sun kasance sunyi amfani da damar HDR a cikin dandalin 4K Ultra HD. Tare da samun samfurin 4K na ultra HD, DVD, da kuma 'yan wasan diski na Blu-ray da suka rage, kuma tare da yawan 4K Ultra HD TV da kuma ƙara yawan adadin fina-finan Blu-ray Ultra HD, tare da aiwatarwa mai zuwa. na ATSC 3.0 watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin , lokaci da zuba jarurruka na fasaha na HDR ya fi dacewa don haɓaka darajar 4K Ultra HD abun ciki, na'urori masu amfani, da talabijin.
Kodayake a cikin aikin aiwatarwa a yanzu yana nuna damuwa da yawa, kada ku firgita. Abu mafi mahimmanci don tunawa shi ne cewa koda yake akwai bambance-bambance mai kyau a tsakanin kowane tsarin (Dolby Vision yana dauke da ɗan ƙarami har zuwa yanzu), dukkanin tsarin HDR na samar da kyakkyawan cigaba a kwarewar sauraron TV.