01 na 09
An Gabatarwa ga Kayan Fuka
Kalmar 'GPIO' (Kayan Gida na Ingantaccen Gida) ba kawai ga Rasberi Pi ba. Ana iya samo samfurori da samfurori akan yawancin microcontrollers kamar Arduino, Beaglebone da sauransu.
Idan muka yi magana game da GPIO tare da Rasberi Pi, muna magana ne akan dogon guntu na fil a saman kusurwar hagu na jirgi. Maganin tsofaffin suna da nau'i 26, duk da haka mafi yawancinmu za suyi amfani da samfurin yanzu tare da 40.
Zaka iya haɗa haɗe da wasu na'urori na kayan aiki zuwa waɗannan fil, kuma amfani da lambar don sarrafa abin da suke aikatawa. Yana da wani muhimmin ɓangare na Rasberi Pi kuma hanya mai kyau don sanin game da kayan lantarki.
Bayan wasu ayyukan software, za ka iya samun kanka da gwaji tare da waɗannan nau'ikan, kana so ka haɗa da lambarka tare da kayan aiki don yin abubuwan da zasu faru a 'ainihin rayuwa'.
Wannan tsari zai iya zama abin tsoro idan kun kasance sabon zuwa wurin, kuma idan kuka la'akari da cewa wani ɓata na ƙarya zai iya lalata Rasberi Pi, yana da gane cewa yana da matukar damuwa don farawa don ganowa.
Wannan labarin zai bayyana abin da kowane nau'i na GPIO ya yi da ƙuntarsu.
02 na 09
GPIO
Na farko, bari mu dubi GPIO a matsayin duka. Hannun na iya duba irin wannan amma duk suna da nau'o'in ayyuka daban-daban. Hoton da ke sama yana nuna waɗannan ayyuka a launi daban-daban wanda zamu bayyana a cikin matakai na gaba.
Kowane fil an ƙidaya daga 1 zuwa 40 farawa a ƙasa hagu. Wadannan sune lambobi na jiki, duk da haka, akwai wasu ƙididdigar lissafi / lakabi kamar 'BCM' wanda aka yi amfani da shi lokacin rubutaccen rubutu.
03 na 09
Power & Ground
Alamar ja, alamar ikon da ake kira '3' ko '5' don 3.3V ko 5V.
Wadannan alamu sun ba ka izinin aika sako zuwa na'urar ba tare da buƙatar kowane lambar ba. Babu wata hanya ta juyawa wadannan ko dai.
Akwai hanyoyi 2 - 3.3 volts da 5 volts. Bisa ga wannan labarin, rafin 3.3V yana iyakance zuwa kimanin 50mA na yanzu, yayin da jirgin 5V na iya samar da duk wani ƙarfin halin yanzu wanda ya rage daga wutar lantarki bayan da Pi ya ɗauki abin da yake bukata.
Rashin haske shine launin ƙasa (GND). Wadannan alamu sune daidai da abin da suke faɗar - samfurin ƙasa - waxanda suke da muhimmin ɓangare na kowane kayan aikin lantarki.
(5V GPIO sune lambobi na jiki 2 da 4. 3.3V GPIO sune lambobi na jiki 1 da 17. Casa GPIO sune lambobin jiki 6, 9, 14, 20, 25, 30, 34 da 39)
04 of 09
Input / Output Fil
Hannun kore sune abin da na kira 'jigilar' shigarwa / fitarwa. Wadannan za'a iya amfani da su azaman bayanai ko kayan aiki ba tare da damuwa ba game da rikici tare da wasu ayyuka kamar I2C, SPI ko UART.
Wadannan sune alamar da za su iya aika iko zuwa LED, buzzer, ko sauran kayan aiki, ko za a yi amfani dasu azaman shigarwa don karanta firikwensin, sauyawa ko wasu kayan shigarwa.
Ƙarfin fitarwa na waɗannan furanni shine 3.3V. Kowace fil kada ta wuce 16mA na halin yanzu, ko dai tacewa ko yin amfani da shi, kuma dukan saiti na GPIO kada ya wuce fiye da 50mA a kowane lokaci. Wannan zai iya zama ƙuntatawa, saboda haka zaka iya samun haɓaka a wasu ayyukan.
(Zamanin GPIO na jigilar jiki na jiki ne 7, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 22, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38 da 40)
05 na 09
I2C Fil
A rawaya, muna da nau'in I2C. I2C wata yarjejeniyar sadarwa ce ta hanyar sauƙi ta bada damar na'urorin don sadarwa tare da Rasberi Pi. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan maɓalli kamar '' GPIO '' jinsin ''.
Misali mai kyau na yin amfani da I2C shine ƙwararren tashar jiragen ruwa na MCP23017, wanda zai iya ba ka ƙarin shigarwa / fitarwa ta hanyar wannan yarjejeniyar I2C.
(I2C GPIO sune lambobi na jiki 3 da 5)
06 na 09
UART (Serial) Fil
A cikin launin toka, su ne abubuwan UART. Waɗannan nau'ikan suna wata hanyar sadarwar sadarwa wanda ke samar da haɗin haɗi, kuma za a iya amfani da shi azaman jigilar bayanai / kayan GPIO.
Abinda na fi so don UART shine don ba da damar haɗawa daga Pi na zuwa kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na kan kebul ɗin. Ana iya samun wannan ta amfani da allon ƙarawa ko ƙananan igiyoyi kuma ya kawar da buƙata don allon ko intanet don samun dama ga Pi.
(Hotunan UART GPIO suna lambobi ne na jiki 8 da 10)
07 na 09
SPI Fil
A ruwan hoda , muna da SPI. SPI shi ne bas din da ke amfani da shi wanda ke aika bayanai tsakanin Pi da sauran kayan aiki / kayan aiki. Ana amfani dashi da yawa don yin amfani da na'urori irin su matakan LED ko nunawa.
Kamar sauran, ana iya amfani da waɗannan furanni a matsayin 'jigilar' GPIO bayanai / kayan aiki.
(SPI GPIO fil ne lambobi na jiki 19, 21, 23, 24 da 26)
08 na 09
DNC fil
A ƙarshe akwai nau'i biyu a cikin blue cewa, a halin yanzu, an lakafta shi a matsayin DNC wadda take tsaye don 'Kada Ka Haɗa'. Wannan na iya canzawa a nan gaba idan tushen Raspberry ya canza allon / software.
(Jirgin DNC GPIO suna lambobi ne na jiki 27 da 28)
09 na 09
GPIO Lambar Ƙididdiga
A lokacin da kayyadewa tare da GPIO, kana da zabi don shigo da ɗakin GPIO a cikin hanyoyi biyu - BCM ko Akwati.
Abinda na fi son shine GPIO. Wannan ita ce yarjejeniyar ƙididdigar Broadcom kuma na ga cewa ana amfani da ita fiye da ɗayan ayyukan da matakan hardware.
Kashi na biyu shine GPIO BOARD. Wannan hanya tana amfani da lambobi na jiki a maimakon, abin da yake da amfani lokacin da ake auna lambobi, amma za ku ga ana amfani dashi kadan a misalai na aikin.
An saita yanayin GPIO a yayin da aka shigo da ɗakin karatun GPIO:
Don shigo kamar yadda kamfanin BCM:
shigo da RPi.GPIO a matsayin GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BCM)Don shigo da Kwamitin Kwafi:
shigo da RPi.GPIO a matsayin GPIO GPIO.setmode (GPIO.BOARD)Duk waɗannan hanyoyi sunyi daidai da wannan aiki, wannan batun ne kawai na ƙididdiga yawan.
Kullum na yi amfani da allon lamuran GPIO kamar RasPiO Portsplus (hoto) don bincika abin da nake haɗawa da wayoyi. Ɗaya daga cikin nuni yana nuna hoton ƙididdiga na kamfanin BCM, ɗayan yana nuna BOARD - don haka an rufe ku don kowane aikin da kuke samu.