A cikin labarin da muka gabata, mun gabatar da sababbin fasaha na zamani na 3D da aka yi amfani da su a masana'antar kamfanoni na yau. Yayinda muke rubutun labarin, mun lura cewa sassan dake cikin akwatin da kwalliyar kwalliya sun fara zama kamar yadda muka nufa.
Daga karshe, mun yanke shawarar zai zama mafi kyau don warware mafi yawan waɗannan bayanai a cikin wani labarin dabam. A cikin wannan yanki, za mu mayar da hankali ga wasu kayan aiki da matakai masu amfani da aka yi amfani da su a tsarin gyare-gyaren polygonal 3D.
A cikin gyare-gyare na polygonal , mai zane ya kirkiro wakilci na dijital wani abu na 3D tare da raƙƙin geometric da aka hada da fuskoki, gefuna, da kuma kayan aiki . Hannun yawanci suna da yawa ne ko ƙananan nau'i, kuma suna haɓaka tsarin model na 3D. Ta hanyar amfani da dabarun da ke gaba, mai biyo baya ya canza matakan farko na 3D (yawanci ma'anar cube, cylinder, ko sphere) cikin cikakken tsari na 3D:
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Extrusion
Extrusion wata hanya ce ta ƙara lissafi zuwa tsohuwar polygon, kuma ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin farko wanda mai amfani da shi yana amfani da shi don fara siffata raga.
Ta hanyar extrusion mai amfani da manipulates yana jan fuska ta 3D ta ko dai ta rushe fuska a kan kanta (don ƙirƙirar haɓaka), ko kuma ta fitar da fuska waje tare da fuskarta ta al'ada -wakan da ke gefe da fuskar fuskar polygonal.
Samun fuska mai haɗari yana ƙirƙira sababbin polygons hudu don haɓaka rata tsakanin yanayin farawa da ƙarewa. Extrusion zai iya zama da wuya a gani ba tare da wani misali misali ba:
- Yi la'akari da siffar ƙira mai sauki , tare da ɗigon kafa mai faɗi (4-edged). Mai tsarawa zai iya sāke wannan kwayar halitta ta farko ta hanyar zaɓin tushe na dala kuma ya fitar da shi a cikin kogin Y. Ginin harsashin ya sauka zuwa ƙasa, kuma an gina fuskoki guda hudu a tsaye a tsakanin sararin samaniya da kuma tafiya. Za a iya ganin misalin irin wannan a cikin samfurin kafafu na tebur ko kujera.
- Ana iya ƙidaya gefuna. Lokacin da aka cire wani gefe, an yi shi da gaske - adadin mai zane yana iya ja ko juya daga asali a kowace hanya, tare da sabon fuska polygonal ta atomatik ya haɗa haɗin biyu. Wannan shine ainihin mahimmanci don tsara jumloli a cikin tsarin gyare-gyare na kwane-kwane .
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Subdividing
Yankin sashi shine hanya ga masu yin laƙabi don ƙara ƙudurin polygonal zuwa samfurin, ko dai dai ko kuma zaɓi. Saboda samfurin polygonal yakan fara ne daga yanayin farko mai ƙananan ƙaƙa da ƙananan fuskoki, yana da kusan yiwuwa a samar da samfurin ƙira ba tare da kalla wasu matakan gyarawa ba.
- Tsarin sashin jiki yana rarraba dukan fuskar samfurin a ko'ina. Ƙididdigar tsararraki an gama su ne a kan ma'auni na layin launi, ma'anar kowane fuskar polygonal yana rarraba cikin hudu. Ƙasashen uniform yana taimakawa wajen kawar da "damuwa," kuma za'a iya amfani dasu don daidaitaccen tsari.
- Edge Loops - Za a iya ƙara ƙaddarawa ta hanyar zaɓar da ƙananan madaukai. Za a iya ƙaddamar madaidaicin layi a kowane bangare na fuskoki na polygonal, rarraba fuskar da aka zaɓa ba tare da ƙara ƙara ƙuduri zuwa sauran raga ba. Ana iya amfani da madaurin gefe don ƙara ƙuduri a yankuna na samfurin da ke buƙatar matakin daki-daki ba daidai ba a geometry na kusa (gwiwoyi da gwiwar hannu na samfurin halayen misali misali ne, kamar yadda lebe da idanu).
Za a iya amfani da madogara na Edge don shirya shimfidar jiki don extrusion ko ɗayan sharaɗi. Lokacin da aka rarraba fuskar ƙasa, dukkan iyakoki a kan iyakoki sune kewayo-idan an buƙaci sashi amma mai kulawa yana so ya kula da wasu gefuna, za a iya kiyaye su ta hanyar sanya madogara a gefen gefen gefen gefen tambaya. Ana iya samun wannan sakamako ta hanyar yin amfani da harshe, tattauna a kasa.
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Bevels ko Chamfers
Idan kun kasance a kusa da aikin injiniya, zane-zanen masana'antu, ko kuma aikin sana'a, kalmar ƙwaƙwalwar kalmar ta riga ta riƙe nauyin nauyi a gare ku.
Ta hanyar tsoho, gefuna a kan samfurin 3D yana da mahimmanci sosai-yanayin da kusan ba a taɓa faruwa a duniyar duniyar ba. Duba kewaye da kai. An bincika a hankali sosai, kusan kowane gefen da kuka haɗu da shi zai sami nau'in taper ko zagaye zuwa gare shi.
Wani batu ko chamfer yana dauke da wannan lamari, kuma an yi amfani da shi wajen rage girman kan gefuna a kan samfurin 3D:
- Alal misali, kowane launi a kan wani jaka yana faruwa a 90 digiri haɓaka a tsakanin fuskokin polygonal biyu. Yin gyaran waɗannan gefuna yana ƙirƙirar fuska mai girman digiri 45 a tsakanin jirage masu juyawa don yalwata bayyanar gefen kuma yana taimakawa kwarjin yayi hulɗa tare da haske sosai. Tsawon (ko ba'age ) na batu, da kuma zagaye na iya ƙaddara ta mai layi.
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Refining / Shaping
Har ila yau, ana kiransa "turawa da jawo kayan tsafi," mafi yawan samfurin suna buƙatar wasu matakan gyarawa. A lokacin da aka sake yin samfurin, mai zane ya motsa ɗayan ɗayan su tare da x, y, ko z axis don a yi amfani da kwakwalwa.
Ana iya samun cikakken bayani game da tsaftacewa a cikin aikin mai fasahar gargajiya: Lokacin da mai fasaha ya yi aiki, ya fara fasalin manyan siffofin hoton, yana maida hankali kan siffar sashinsa. Sa'an nan kuma ya sake ziyarci kowane ɓangare na sassaka tare da "goga rake" don yaɗa farfajiya kuma ya fitar da bayanan da suka dace.
Sake gwada samfurin 3D yana kama da kama. Kowane extrusion, bevel, edge-loop, ko subdivision, ana yawanci tare tare da akalla kadan daga gyare-gyare-by-vertex gyare-gyare.
Tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare na iya zama mai zurfi kuma mai yiwuwa yana cin kashi 90 cikin 100 na yawan lokaci mai tsarawa wanda ke ciyarwa a wani yanki. Yana iya ɗaukar sati 30 kawai don sanya madogarar layi, ko cire fitar da wani extrusion, amma ba za a iya jin dadi ba don mai ba da misali don ciyar da sa'o'i masu tsabtace farfajiyar da ke kusa da su (musamman a cikin samfurin gyare-gyare na zamani, inda canje-canjen yanayi ya kasance sassauka da sauƙi ).
Sakamako shine kyakkyawan mataki wanda ya ɗauki samfurin daga aikin da yake ci gaba zuwa gagarumar dukiyar.