Software mara tausayi ya kasance kamar yadda kwamfutar keyi
Shirin software na malware ( malware ) shi ne wani aikace-aikacen da ke da mummunan niyyar. Duk da yake mafi yawan shirye-shiryen da ka shigar, ko fayilolin da ka sauke, suna da cikakku daga ƙwayoyin cuta, wasu suna ɓoye abubuwan da suke neman ɓarna fayiloli, sata bayanai daga gare ka, ko ma kawai za ka damu.
Wannan yana faruwa na dogon lokaci. An kira cutar ta farko da ake kira Elk Cloner kuma aka samo shi a Mac a 1982. Janairu na 2011 ya ga farkon mahimmancin PC wanda ke da mahimmanci 25 mai suna Brian. Don tunawa, kamfanin farko na PC (HP 9100A) ya fito ne a shekarar 1968.
Malware a cikin 1900 & # 39; s
A 1986, yawancin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta sun samo a cikin jami'o'i kuma yaduwa shi ne mafi mahimmanci saboda kamuwa da cututtuka. Abubuwan da aka sani sun hada da Brain (1986), Lehigh, Stoned, Urushalima (1987), tsutsa Morris (1988), da Michelangelo (1991).
A tsakiyar shekarun 90s, kamfanoni sun kasance masu tasiri, wanda ya dace da ƙwayoyin magungunan macro. Wannan yana nufin cewa yunkuri ya koma cibiyar sadarwa.
Kwayoyin da ake iya ganewa a wannan lokaci sun hada da DMV, hujja ta farko na magungunan macro macro, a 1994. Har ila yau Cap.A ya kasance a 1997, wanda ya zama cutar ta farko da ke dauke da kwayar cutar Macro, da kuma CIH (aka Chernobyl) a shekarar 1998, na farko cutar don lalata hardware.
A ƙarshen shekarun 90s, ƙwayoyin cuta sun fara tasiri masu amfani da gida, tare da yaduwar imel ɗin raguwa. Mawuyacin rikici a 1999 ya haɗa da Melissa, kututtukan imel na farko, da Kak, na farko da daya daga cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin imel na ainihi.
Malware na 21st
A farkon sabuwar karni, cibiyoyin yanar gizo da imel sun kasance suna yin labaran a fadin duniya.
- Mayu 2000: Newsletter shine asali na farko da aka ba da gagarumar riba-safiyar malware
- Fabrairu 2001: Wutsiyar imel na Anna Kournikova
- Maris na 2001: Magistr, kamar CIH a gabanta, kuma ya shafi kayan aiki
- Yuli 2001: Fayil din Sircam din da aka samo asali daga adireshin Takardun My Documents
- Agusta 2001: Worm CodeRed
- Satumba 2001: Nimda, yanar gizo, imel, da kututtukan yanar sadarwa.
Yayin da shekaru goma suka cigaba, malware ta kasance kawai ta zama kayan aiki mai kwarewa. A cikin 2002 da 2003, masu shafukan yanar gizo sun shawo kan masu fashe-tashen hankulan da wasu masu jefa bom a Javascript.
Abokai sun hada da tsuttsauran ra'ayoyinsu a cikin watan Oktobar 2002 kuma SoBig ya fara nazarin bayanan spam a kan kwakwalwa. Magunguna da sauran ƙwaƙwalwar katin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sun kuma kashe a wannan lokacin, tare da tsutsotsi na yanar gizo mai suna Blaster da Slammer.
- Janairu 2004: Yakin linzamin imel ya fita tsakanin mawallafin MyDoom, Bagle da Netsky. Abin ban mamaki, wannan ya haifar da ingantaccen rubutun imel da kuma karɓar tallafin imel ɗin, wanda ya haifar da kuskuren tsutsotsi da tsutsotsi na imel.
- Nuwamba 2005: Binciken da kuma bayyanawa na Sony Sony rootkit din yanzu ya haifar da yunkurin rootkits a cikin mafi yawan zamani malware.
- 2006: Kwafi da Kashewa da kuma kuzari na ƙauyen mule sun haɗu da yawan lambobi 419, phishing, da kuma caca-caca a 2006. Ko da yake ba kai tsaye ba ne da alaka da malware, irin wannan zamba shine ci gaba da taken na riba-m laifi aiki kaddamar via internet.
- 2007: Yanar Gizo shafukan yanar gizo ya karu a shekarar 2007 saboda babban ɓangaren da aka gano da kuma bayyanawa MPack, kayan aiki na aikata laifuka wanda ke amfani da shi ta yanar gizo. Kaddamarwa sun haɗa da shafin yanar gizo na Miami Dolphins, Tom's Hardware, Sun, MySpace, Bebo, Photobucket, da kuma The Times Times.
- A karshen shekara ta 2007, hare-hare na intanet na SQL ya fara tasowa, inda aka zartar da shafukan yanar gizon kamar yadda shahararren Cute Overload da kuma yanar gizo na IKEA.
- Janairu 2008: A halin yanzu, masu amfani da yanar gizo sun yi amfani da takardun shaidar FTP da aka sace kuma suna amfani da ƙananan shawarwari don yin amfani da kamfanoni a kan dubban dubban mahaifa da labaran yanar gizon, wanda ake kira dogayen dogon yanar gizo.
- A watan Yunin 2008, Asprox Botnet ta haɓaka hare-haren da ake amfani da shi ta atomatik na SQL, suna da'awar Walmart a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda ke fama. An ci gaba da barazanar ci gaba a lokacin wannan lokacin yayin da masu kai hare-haren suka fara rabu da ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta da kuma sadar da fayiloli na al'ada na al'ada.
- 2009: A farkon 2009, Gumblar, dual botnet, ya fito. Gumblar ba wai kawai ya aika da ƙofar baya a kan kamfanonin da ke cutar ba kuma ya yi amfani da shi don sata takardun shaidar FTP, yana amfani da takardun shaidar don ɓoye ƙofar baya a kan shafukan intanet. Wadannan magoya bayan nan sun karbi wannan ci gaba.
- Sakamakon: shafin yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo na yau da kullum ba ya daina biye da kima daga mallaka yanki. Maimakon haka, kowane dubban wuraren shafukan yanar-gizon na iya haɗakar da mahaɗin malware.
- 2010: Cibiyoyin kwamfuta na masana'antu sune manufofin gaggawa na Stuxnet 2010. Wannan makircin makirci wanda aka kaddamar da masu kula da ka'idodin tsari don sarrafa kayan aiki a kan rukunin taro. Hakan ya zama mummunan da ake zaton ya kasance dalilin halakar da dama daga cikin nau'o'in uranium na Iran da ke samar da karuwar centrifuges.
- 2011: Ajan doki mai takamaiman Microsoft wanda ake kira ZeroAccess downloads malware akan kwakwalwa ta hanyar botnets. Yawanci an ɓoye daga OS ta amfani da rootkits, kuma ana yada shi ta kayan aiki na bitcoin.
Ƙara Malware da Sakamakon Rarraba Masu Sanya Intanet
Ƙarar malware shine kawai samfur ta rarraba da manufar. Wannan za a iya ganin wannan ta hanyar bin adadin samfurori da aka sani bisa ga lokacin da ya faru.
Alal misali, a cikin farkon shirye-shiryen bidiyo 80 da suka kasance masu sauki ne kuma kamfanonin fayiloli suka watsa ta hanyar faifan disk. Tare da iyakancewar rarraba da ƙananan manufa, samfurori na malware da aka rubuta a 1990 ta hanyar AV-TEST ƙidaya kawai 9,044.
Kamar yadda cibiyoyin sadarwa na yanar gizo da kuma fadada ya ci gaba ta farkon rabin rabin 90s, rarraba malware ya zama sauki, saboda haka ƙarar ya karu. Bayan shekaru hudu bayan haka, a 1994, AV-TEST ya ruwaito kimanin 300%, yana sanya samfurori na musamman a 28,613 (bisa MD5 ).
Kamar yadda fasaha ke daidaita, wasu nau'ikan malware sun iya samun ƙasa. Ƙwayoyin Macro da ke amfani da kayayyakin Microsoft Office ba kawai sun sami mafi girma ta hanyar imel ba, sun sami karfin talla ta hanyar ƙara karɓar imel. A 1999, AV-TEST ya rubuta samfurin samfurin malware 98,428, wanda ya kasance 344% karo daga shekaru biyar kafin.
Yayin da intanet ɗin watsa labaran ya karu, tsutsotsi ya zama mafi mahimmanci. An cigaba da raguwa ta hanyar ƙara amfani da yanar gizo da kuma karɓar fasaha na yanar - gizon da ake kira Web 2.0 , wanda ya inganta yanayin da ya dace. A shekara ta 2005, AV-TEST ya rubuta 333,425 nau'ikan samfurin malware. Wannan shi ne 338% fiye da 1999.
Ƙara yawan sani game da kayan aiki na yanar gizo ya haifar da fashewar yanar gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo a duk fadin ƙarshen shekaru goma. A shekara ta 2006, aka gano MPack na shekara, AV-TEST ya rubuta kayan aiki na musamman na 972,606, wanda shine 291% mafi girma fiye da shekaru bakwai da suka wuce.
Kamar yadda allurar rigakafin SQL da sauran siffofin yanar-gizon yanar gizon yanar gizo sun ƙaddamar da karuwar ikon rarrabawa a shekara ta 2007, ƙananan lamarin ya sa ya fi tsalle-tsalle, tare da 5,490,960 samfurori na musamman waɗanda AV-TEST ya rubuta a wancan shekarar. Hakan ya karu da kashi 564% a cikin shekara guda.
Tun daga shekarar 2007, lambar malware ta ci gaba da girma, sau biyu ko fiye kowace shekara tun. A halin yanzu, ƙididdiga masu sayarwa na sababbin samfurori na samfurori suna daga 30k zuwa fiye da 50k kowace rana. Sanya wata hanya, ƙarar wata na kowane sabon samfurori na samfurori ya fi girma girma daga dukkan malware daga 2006 da shekaru da suka gabata.
Rigakafi / Tsaro
A lokacin "sneakernet" zamanin a ƙarshen 80s da farkon 90s, masu sayar da kayan riga-kafi rigakafin sun hada da kasa da dala biliyan 1B. A shekara ta 2000, yawan kudaden rigakafin rigakafi ya karu zuwa kimanin $ 1.5B.
- 2001 - $ 1.8
- 2002 - $ 2.06B
- 2003 - $ 2.7B
- 2004 - $ 3.5B
- 2005 - $ 7.4B
- 2006 - $ 8.6B
- 2007- $ 11.3B
- 2008 - $ 13.5B
- 2009 $ 14.8B
- 2010 - $ 16.5B
Yayinda wasu na iya nunawa da ƙwayar riga-kafi da kuma masu sayar da tsaro kamar "tabbacin" cewa masu sayar da riga-kafi masu amfani sunyi amfani da (kuma ta haka ne) haifar da malware, math kanta ba ta kai wannan ka'ida ba.
A 2007, alal misali, yawancin ku] a] en na riga-kafi ya karu da kashi 131, amma yawancin malware ya karu da 564% a wannan shekarar. Bugu da ƙari, haɓaka ƙididdigar riga-kafi yana ƙãra sakamakon sababbin kamfanoni da fadada fasahar, kamar na'urorin tsaro da tsaro tsaro na tsaro.